Russian Nationalism in the 21st Century: From Soviet Legacy to Modern Identity

Abstract

This article explores the rise of Russian nationalism in the 21st century, examining the factors that have shaped national identity in post-Soviet Russia. The paper investigates how the legacy of the Soviet Union continues to influence Russian political culture, especially in relation to the concept of Russian nationalism. The study looks at the political ideologies that have emerged under the leadership of Vladimir Putin, particularly the emphasis on Russian exceptionalism and the restoration of Russia’s status as a global power. The paper also addresses the role of the Russian Orthodox Church, historical memory, and education in shaping contemporary nationalist sentiment. By analyzing public opinion surveys, political speeches, and cultural narratives, the article assesses how nationalism has been used as a tool for political mobilization and state legitimacy. The research concludes by examining the challenges of balancing nationalism with Russia’s diverse ethnic and religious composition, and the potential impact of rising nationalism on Russia’s relations with its neighbors and the international community.