The Evolution of Russian Nationalism: From Soviet Identity to Post-Soviet Revival

Abstract

This article traces the evolution of Russian nationalism from the Soviet era to the present day. The paper examines how Soviet identity was shaped by Marxist-Leninist ideologies and the ways in which it emphasized a collective socialist identity over national identity. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the concept of Russian nationalism underwent significant transformations as the new Russian Federation sought to define its place in the world. By analyzing political speeches, nationalist movements, and academic discourse, the study explores how Russian nationalism has been used to consolidate power and construct a new national narrative in the post-Soviet period. The paper focuses on key events such as the 1991 coup, the rise of Vladimir Putin, and the annexation of Crimea in 2014, illustrating how these moments have been pivotal in reconfiguring the Russian national identity. The article argues that Russian nationalism is both a reflection of the country’s complex history and a tool for navigating its modern-day political challenges.