Historical Memory and the Legacy of Stalinism in Post-Soviet Russia

Abstract

The legacy of Stalinism continues to dominate public discourse and political debates in Russia today. This article explores how Stalin's rule and the associated historical memory of his regime are treated in post-Soviet Russia. Despite the long-standing efforts of the Soviet government to downplay Stalin's role in history, his memory remains a central and divisive issue in contemporary Russian society. Using archival research and contemporary sources, the paper traces how Stalin's image has evolved in public and political narratives, from his vilification during the Khrushchev era to the gradual rehabilitation of his persona under Vladimir Putin’s presidency. The study examines the influence of state-sponsored historical memory, including the prominent role of museums, monuments, and textbooks in shaping public perception of Stalin's reign. Additionally, the article delves into the various groups that engage with Stalin's legacy, from nationalist movements that view him as a symbol of Russian strength to liberal critics who highlight the crimes and atrocities of his regime. The research also considers the broader implications of Stalin's memory in shaping Russian political culture, including its effect on the national identity, the perception of authoritarianism, and the Russian state's relationship with its Soviet past. Ultimately, the paper argues that Stalin's legacy remains a powerful force in contemporary Russian politics, where his memory is used both to justify state power and to undermine historical accountability.