ROSSIISKAYA ISTORIYA is an academic journal published by the Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Izdatelstvo Nauka, Moscow, Russia. The journal is committed to advancing historical scholarship with a particular emphasis on history while also welcoming comparative, global, and interdisciplinary approaches across the humanities and social sciences. The journal is indexed in: Web of Science » Core Collection – Arts & Humanities Citation Index (AHCI) » Current Contents – Arts & Humanities Journal Name: ROSSIISKAYA ISTORIYA ISSN: 0869-5687 Publisher: ROSSIISKAYA AKAD NAUK, IZDATELSTVO NAUKA Publisher Address: PROFSOYUZNAYA UL 90, MOSCOW, RUSSIA, 117997 Website: https://rossiiskaya.com Email: editor@rossiiskaya.com
ROSSIISKAYA AKAD NAUK, IZDATELSTVO NAUKA [https://rossiiskaya.com]
© Author. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Sustainable Finance: Opportunities and Challenges
This article examines the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in sustainable finance, focusing on its applications in green investment screening, risk assessment for ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) factors, and portfolio optimization. Drawing on recent empirical studies and theoretical frameworks, it highlights how AI enhances transparency and efficiency while addressing ethical and regulatory challenges. Through a review of literature and a novel table-based analysis of AI-driven ESG performance metrics, the study reveals that AI adoption can improve sustainable investment returns by up to 15% but requires robust governance to mitigate biases. The findings underscore the need for interdisciplinary approaches to balance innovation with accountability in the evolving landscape of sustainable finance.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Centralization and Provincial Government in the Ottoman Empire A New Administrative Model the Province of Kurdistan (1847-1867)
This study examines the establishment and evolution of the Kurdistan Province, which was established in 1847 and was part of the Ottoman Empire’s eastern provincial organization. Formed within the context of Ottoman centralization policies, the Kurdistan Province presented a unique administrative model that differed from the classical Ottoman provincial system as it included local Kurdish beys in the administration, albeit for a short period. This period represents a multi-layered restructuring process in which the empire redefined the relationship between the center and the provinces, questioned classical administrative practices, and sought to increase the state’s influence over the community. The Tanzimat Edict and its reforms formed the normative framework of this restructuring; however, the real effects of the reforms were felt more in the provinces . Particularly towards the middle of the 19th century, following the Bedirhan Bey uprising, the Diyarbekir Province was merged with the Van, Muş, and Hakkâri districts, as well as the Cizre-Bohtan and Mardin districts. The article discusses the province’s administrative and legal status, the yurtluk-ocaklık system, the dynamics between central authority and local powers, and the dismantling of this structure during the Tanzimat Edict’s centralization process in the 19th century. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19615946
Copyright (c) 2026 CEMAL ÜLKE https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Behavioral Biases and Investment Decision-Making in Emerging Markets
The influence of behavioral biases on investment decision-making in emerging markets, where financial systems are often characterized by volatility, limited information transparency, and evolving regulatory frameworks. Drawing upon the principles of Behavioral Finance, the research explores how cognitive and emotional biases such as overconfidence, herd behavior, loss aversion, and anchoring affect individual and institutional investors. -method approach, combining survey data from retail investors with secondary market data to assess the extent to which these biases shape portfolio choices, risk perception, and market outcomes. Findings suggest that investors in emerging markets are particularly susceptible to heuristic-driven decision-making due to lower levels of financial literacy and higher market uncertainty. Overconfidence often leads to excessive trading, while herd behavior contributes to asset bubbles and market inefficiencies. Furthermore, the role of socio-economic and cultural factors in amplifying or mitigating these biases, emphasizing the need for targeted financial education and improved regulatory interventions. The research contributes to the growing body of literature on investor psychology by offering insights specific to emerging economies and underscores the importance of integrating behavioral perspectives into financial policy and investment strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Rajiv K. Banerjee https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Urbanization and the Decline of Pollinator Populations
Pollinator populations are under severe stress due to urbanization, a kind of land-use change that is widespread and has far-reaching effects on biodiversity, ecosystem stability, and food security. Pollinators like bees, butterflies, birds, and bats are vital to the health of terrestrial ecosystems because they help plants reproduce and increase crop yields. Unfortunately, their habitats have been severely damaged, fragmented, and lost due to the growth of cities and related infrastructure, which has reduced the number of flowers and places to lay eggs. Pollinators have a number of challenges in urban areas, such as noise and light pollution, pesticide and heavy metal contamination, invasive plant species, changing temperatures caused by climate change, and less connectivity between parks and other green areas. Worldwide, pollinator populations are plummeting due to these causes, which mess with their navigation, reproduction, and survival. Nearly 75% of food crops depend on animal-mediated pollination to some extent, therefore the decline of pollinators weakens both wild plant variety and agricultural output. Despite the common perception that cities are bad for pollinators, new research shows that parks, gardens, green roofs, and corridors designed specifically for pollinators can actually help protect these species when managed sustainably. what causes pollinator losses as a result of urbanization, what these trends mean for the environment and society, and how we might lessen their impact through city planning, policy changes, and public involvement.
The Role of Small-Scale Farmers in Ensuring Food Security in Developing Countries
Food security is a crucial issue facing many developing countries, with millions of people struggling to access the food they need to survive. In these countries, small-scale farmers play a critical role in ensuring that communities have access to the food they need. Small-scale farmers are often family-based and operate on a small scale, typically cultivating less than five hectares of land. Despite their modest size, these farmers produce a significant portion of the food that is consumed locally, making them essential to the food security of their communities. Small-scale farmers face many challenges, including limited access to resources such as land, water, and credit, as well as volatile weather patterns, pests, and diseases. Despite these challenges, they have developed innovative techniques to maximize their crop yields, often using traditional farming practices that are well-suited to local conditions.
Dialectic of the Relationship between the Logic of Rupture and the Logic of Composition in the Thought of Gaston Bachelard
This article aims to shed light on the idea of the dialectic of the relationship between rupture and composition in the thought of Gaston Bachelard, or what is called compositional epistemology, or inclusionary epistemology, or relativistic epistemology, where Bachelard reached his scientific and objective aim in bringing together rupture in its absolute and complete meaning, and relative rupture in its temporary, compositional, and inclusionary meaning, through a subjective psychological link.
Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns: Addressing the Environmental Footprint of Consumer Goods
For the purpose of reducing the negative effects that consumer goods have on the environment and fostering a more sustainable future, it is essential to adopt consumption and production patterns that are sustainable. the relationship between consumer behavior, industrial processes, and environmental sustainability, with a particular emphasis on methods that can be utilized to lessen the environmental footprint that is connected with the lifetime of consumer goods. Among the most important aspects are the management of waste, the utilization of resources, and the implementation of concepts of circular economies. Eco-design, sustainable sourcing, and the promotion of responsible consumption habits are some examples of innovative techniques and best practices that can be utilized to lessen the impact that production and consumption have on the environment. The purpose of this report is to identify effective techniques for incorporating sustainability into consumer goods sectors and to give recommendations to governments, corporations, and consumers. highlighting the significance of coordinated efforts to transition towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production, which will ultimately contribute to the aims of environmental conservation and sustainable development.
Language, Culture, and Civilization in the Didactics of English: Integrating Linguistic Competence with Cultural Awareness
The teaching and learning of English as a foreign language cannot be fully effective without considering the intricate relationship between language and culture. Language reflects the values, beliefs, and norms of a society, while culture shapes the context in which language is used. This paper explores the integration of culture and civilization into English language didactics, highlighting the necessity of including cultural knowledge to foster communicative competence and intercultural understanding. Drawing upon contemporary approaches in applied linguistics and English language teaching (ELT), the study emphasizes that language instruction must move beyond grammar and vocabulary to embrace sociocultural contexts, authentic communication, and cross-cultural awareness. Through a combination of theoretical analysis and practical examples, the paper proposes a framework for integrating linguistic, cultural, and civilizational elements in English teaching, aiming to enhance learners’ communicative efficiency, critical thinking, and cultural literacy. The study also addresses challenges such as curriculum design, teacher preparation, and classroom implementation, offering strategies to bridge the gap between language learning and cultural competence.
Mathematical Modeling of Epidemic Spread Using SIR Models
Mathematical modeling has become an important tool for understanding the spread of infectious diseases within populations. Among various models used in epidemiology, the SIR model is one of the most widely applied frameworks for studying epidemic dynamics. The SIR model divides a population into three main compartments: Susceptible (S), Infected (I), and Recovered (R). Individuals move from the susceptible group to the infected group through contact with infected individuals, and eventually transition to the recovered group after gaining immunity or recovering from the disease. the use of differential equations in the SIR model to analyze how infectious diseases spread over time. the interaction between different population groups and predicts how the number of infected individuals changes during an epidemic. Key parameters such as the infection rate and recovery rate play an important role in determining the speed and intensity of disease transmission. By analyzing these parameters, the SIR model can estimate important epidemiological indicators such as the basic reproduction number, which measures how many new infections are generated by one infected individual in a susceptible population.
Sociology and Its Relationship with Psychology and Anthropology in the Context of Artificial Intelligence
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into various sectors has transformed how social sciences interact with human behavior and societal structures. This paper explores the intersection of sociology, psychology, and anthropology in the context of AI, analyzing how digital technologies influence social behavior, mental processes, and cultural practices. The study investigates how AI tools affect social interactions, decision-making, and anthropological research, highlighting both opportunities and challenges. By examining the relationships among these disciplines, the research provides insights into the evolving understanding of human behavior and social structures in technologically mediated environments. The findings suggest that interdisciplinary approaches are essential for effectively interpreting social phenomena in the age of AI and for developing strategies that promote ethical, informed, and socially responsible applications of technology.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Financial Risk Management: Opportunities and Challenges in the Post-2025 Era
This article examines the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in financial risk management following the market disruptions of 2025. Drawing on empirical data from major global banks and fintech firms, it explores how AI-driven models enhance predictive accuracy, automate compliance, and mitigate systemic risks. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, including quantitative analysis of credit risk datasets and qualitative interviews with industry executives. Key findings reveal a 35% improvement in risk forecasting precision using machine learning algorithms, though ethical concerns and regulatory gaps persist. Practical implications include recommendations for hybrid AI-human frameworks to balance efficiency and accountability. This research contributes to the literature by bridging theoretical risk models with real-world AI implementations in a volatile economic landscape.
Representations of Algeria’s Image in German Travel Literature: J.O. Hebenstreit and Heinrich von Maltzan as Case Studies
In recent years, travel literature has garnered increasing scholarly attention due to the cultural and epistemic insights it offers into peoples’ perceptions and their representations of the Other. This literary genre rests upon diverse methodological foundations, most notably those related to imagology, which is concerned with the study of stereotypes and the representations of societies as constructed by writers and travelers. Within this framework, the present paper examines the image of Algeria as portrayed by German travelers, drawing upon multiple textual samples in an attempt to uncover their underlying significations, assess the extent of their correspondence with Algerian reality, and identify the intellectual and cultural frameworks underpinning the German travelers’ construction of the Algerian Other. Among the most prominent German travelers who visited Algeria and recorded their observations are J.O. Hebenstreit and Heinrich von Maltzan, both of whom offered in their writings a composite image of Algeria oscillating between admiration and fascination. The central research question may thus be formulated as follows: How was the image of the Other represented in the writings of the German travelers Hebenstreit and Heinrich von Maltzan? What intellectual and cultural frameworks did they adopt in constructing the image of the Algerian Other? And to what extent did these representations correspond to the reality of Algerian society?
Comparative Analysis of Electric Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles in Urban Transport
Urban transportation systems are under increasing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality, and enhance energy efficiency. In this context, electric vehicles (EVs) are frequently promoted as a sustainable alternative to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). This study presents a comparative analysis of EVs and ICEVs within urban transport environments, focusing on environmental performance, energy efficiency, operational costs, infrastructure requirements, and public health implications. evaluates direct and indirect emissions, including tailpipe pollutants, lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions, and noise pollution. While ICEVs generate significant carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter during operation, EVs eliminate tailpipe emissions and contribute to improved urban air quality. However, the overall environmental advantage of EVs depends on electricity generation sources and battery production impacts. In cities powered by cleaner energy grids, EVs demonstrate substantially lower lifecycle emissions compared to conventional vehicles.
The Coronavirus Pandemic in Arabic Novel: From Documentary Realism to Imaginative Literature
Epidemics have played a significant role in shaping human consciousness, weaving their way into history and influencing its formation. The “coronavirus” pandemic, one that has both aggravated existing wounds and intertwined with the imaginative visions of creative writers, stands among the most devastating epidemics to afflict humanity. Therefore, this study seeks to offer an analytical reading of the Arabic novel that takes the coronavirus pandemic as its central subject, exploring the boundaries between reality and imagination. This is undertaken through an examination of selected Mashriqi and Maghrebi novels, in which authors articulate human anxiety, isolation, fear of death, the disintegration of relationships, and the reconfiguration of questions of identity. This article further aims to trace the manifestations of the coronavirus pandemic in the Arabic novel that emerged in the wake of the crisis by analysing its artistic and documentary dimensions.
Cinema as a Tool of Political Propaganda and Ideological Influence
Cinema has long functioned as a powerful medium for political propaganda and ideological influence, shaping public opinion through narrative, imagery, and emotional appeal. Since the early twentieth century, governments and political movements have recognized film’s capacity to construct national identity, legitimize authority, and mobilize collective sentiment. By combining visual spectacle with persuasive storytelling, cinema can normalize specific worldviews while marginalizing alternative perspectives. illustrate how film has been used strategically to reinforce political agendas. Under regimes such as Nazi Party, cinema served as a central instrument of ideological dissemination, exemplified by the works of Leni Riefenstahl. Similarly, during the Cold War, both Western and Soviet film industries produced narratives that promoted competing political ideologies. In contemporary contexts, cinema continues to reflect and shape political discourse, whether through state-sponsored productions, nationalist blockbusters, or subtle framing of social issues within commercial films.
Governance of Investment Real Estate between the Requirements of Academic Theorization and the Strategies of Entrepreneurship Houses: An Analytical Study in Light of Ministerial Decision No. 1275
This study examines the governance of investment real estate through a dual analytical lens that combines academic theorization and the practical strategies adopted by Entrepreneurship Houses within university environments. In recent years, the issue of real estate governance has gained increasing importance due to its direct impact on economic development, investment attractiveness, and institutional performance. The research seeks to explore how theoretical frameworks of governance—such as transparency, accountability, efficiency, and sustainability—interact with the operational mechanisms promoted by Entrepreneurship Houses, particularly in the context of supporting innovative projects and facilitating access to investment resources. The study is grounded in the regulatory framework established by Ministerial Decision No. 1275, which aims to strengthen the role of universities in fostering entrepreneurial ecosystems and optimizing the use of available assets, including real estate resources. By adopting an analytical and descriptive methodology, the research evaluates the extent to which governance principles are integrated into real estate investment practices and how Entrepreneurship Houses contribute to bridging the gap between theoretical constructs and field-level implementation. Findings suggest that while academic models provide a robust conceptual foundation for real estate governance, their effective application depends largely on institutional coordination, regulatory clarity, and the strategic involvement of support structures such as Entrepreneurship Houses. These entities play a pivotal role in enhancing governance by promoting innovation, facilitating administrative procedures, and aligning investment projects with broader development objectives. The study concludes that the integration of governance principles within real estate investment strategies, supported by an enabling legal and institutional framework, can significantly improve efficiency, transparency, and sustainability in the management of investment assets.
Neurobiological Basis of Learning and Memory
Learning and memory are fundamental cognitive processes that enable organisms to acquire, store, and retrieve information from experience. These processes are rooted in complex neurobiological mechanisms involving structural and functional changes within the nervous system. the neurobiological basis of learning and memory, focusing on the roles of neurons, synapses, neurotransmitters, and neural circuits in information processing and retention. mechanisms such as synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation, and long-term depression, which underlie experience-dependent changes in synaptic strength. It also discusses the involvement of specific brain regions, including the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and amygdala, in different forms of learning and memory. Advances in molecular neuroscience have further revealed the role of gene expression, protein synthesis, and neurotransmitter systems in memory formation and consolidation. The neurobiological foundations of learning and memory is essential for advancing knowledge of brain function and for developing effective interventions for cognitive disorders.
Organisational Creativity from a Multi-Approach Perspective
Organisational creativity reflects the character and strength of organisations, as well as the extent of their interaction with both the internal and the external environment. It constitutes an urgent and important necessity, particularly at present, for the survival, continuity, and advancement of organisations, as well as for enhancing the quality of the ideas, products, and services they provide. Organisational creativity refers to the generation of new ideas capable of revitalising and energising the organisation by fostering a climate of competitiveness with other organisations while also providing a degree of well-being for customers and society in general at both the local and global levels. Through this study, we seek to provide a diagnostic overview of contemporary theoretical approaches to organisational creativity in both Arab and global contexts by defining its concept, highlighting its dimensions and importance, and examining the perspectives of several major schools of management thought, namely, the classical school, the behavioural school, the systems school, the contingency school, and the Islamic school. The study also provides a diagnostic evaluation of each of these schools regarding their views on organisational creativity.
Mechanisms of Turn Exchange, Turn-Taking, and Dialogic Coherence in the Light of Pragmatic Approaches
This study aims to investigate the mechanisms of organising dialogic discourse in light of pragmatic approaches by focusing on three fundamental phenomena: turn exchange, turn-taking, and dialogic coherence. It proceeds from the assumption that dialogue is not merely a spontaneous exchange of speech but rather an organised communicative activity governed by implicit rules that ensure the coherence of interaction and its continuity between speakers. Drawing on the pragmatic approach and the descriptive-analytical method, the study sought to address how these mechanisms operate within discourse and the role of context in directing them. It began by defining the concept of dialogic structure and its characteristics and then analysing the mechanism of turn exchange as the basis for organising interaction, whereby speech is circulated among interlocutors according to precise linguistic, prosodic, and contextual indicators. It also addressed turn-taking as a regular succession of turns, highlighting its types and various strategies, such as claiming the turn, holding it, or yielding it, as well as the phenomenon of interruption and its communicative implications. With respect to dialogic coherence, the study showed that it is achieved through multiple linguistic and semantic means, such as reference, connectives, and repetition, alongside the decisive role of context in constructing meaning and ensuring discourse coherence. The study also reviewed some modern pragmatic approaches, especially Conversation Analysis, which has revealed the rules governing dialogic interaction in different contexts. The study concluded that the success of dialogic communication depends on observing the rules of turn-taking and turn exchange and that coherence is not confined to the linguistic aspect alone but is also related to context and the shared knowledge between speakers.
Histopathological Changes in Metabolic Disorders: An Overview
Metabolic disorders are a major group of chronic diseases characterized by disturbances in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, leading to long-term organ damage and functional impairment. From a histopathological perspective, these disorders produce distinct structural and cellular alterations in multiple tissues, reflecting underlying metabolic and inflammatory abnormalities. Common metabolic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome are associated with characteristic microscopic changes in organs including the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, kidneys, and blood vessels. Histopathological features frequently observed in metabolic disorders include fatty infiltration, cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia, inflammation, fibrosis, and vascular changes. In diabetes mellitus, alterations such as pancreatic islet degeneration, glomerulosclerosis, and microvascular damage are prominent, while obesity is associated with adipocyte enlargement and chronic low-grade inflammation. an overview of the key histopathological changes observed in metabolic disorders and highlights their relevance in understanding disease mechanisms, progression, and potential therapeutic targets.
Formal Social Control Methods in Society and Their Relationship with Social Psychology
This paper examines formal social control methods in society and their relationship with social psychology, focusing on how institutions regulate individual and collective behavior through structured mechanisms such as laws, regulations, education systems, and judicial institutions. Formal social control represents one of the most important instruments for maintaining order, stability, and cohesion within society by defining acceptable norms and sanctioning deviant behavior. From a social psychological perspective, these mechanisms do not only regulate external behavior but also influence attitudes, perceptions, conformity, and obedience among individuals. The study highlights the interaction between institutional control and psychological processes such as socialization, conformity pressure, authority obedience, and norm internalization. It also explores how individuals respond to formal control systems, either through compliance, resistance, or adaptation. By integrating sociological and social psychological perspectives, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how formal control operates and how it shapes human behavior within structured social environments.
Supportive Educational Aids and Their Impact on the Development of Cognitive Skills among Learners with Multiple Disabilities
The field of special education represents a notable development in the employment of supportive educational aids with the aim of improving learning opportunities for learners from various disability categories. Learners with multiple disabilities are among the groups that face the most complex challenges due to the interaction of impairments, which necessitates the adoption of adapted educational aids that meet their diverse needs. This study aims to investigate the impact of using supportive educational aids — digital, manual, and interactive — on the development of basic cognitive skills among learners with multiple disabilities, with emphasis on attention, perception, discrimination, memory, and problem solving. The study also addresses the teacher’s role in selecting and adapting these aids, and the family’s role in reinforcing their use during home-based learning. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach supported by field data to measure the effectiveness of these aids, with the goal of offering scientific recommendations that contribute to improving educational practices within inclusive institutions and specialized centers.
Role of Immune Dysregulation in Autoimmune Disorders: A Pathological Review
Autoimmune disorders arise from a breakdown in immune tolerance, leading to inappropriate immune responses against self-antigens and subsequent tissue damage. Immune dysregulation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these conditions, involving complex interactions between genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, and abnormal immune regulation. Key pathological mechanisms include loss of self-tolerance, imbalance between effector and regulatory immune cells, and persistent activation of inflammatory pathways. From a pathological perspective, autoimmune diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation, autoantibody production, immune complex deposition, and progressive tissue destruction affecting multiple organs. Dysregulated T lymphocyte responses, defective regulatory T-cell function, and aberrant cytokine signaling contribute to sustained immune activation and organ-specific or systemic injury. This abstract reviews the role of immune dysregulation in the development of autoimmune disorders and highlights its significance in understanding disease mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention.
The Contribution of Symbolic Public Policy to Supporting the Political System
This study aims to clarify how symbolic public policy contributes to supporting the political system. To this end, two main axes were employed. The first axis was devoted to identifying the basic concepts representing the study variables, including public policy, symbolic public policy and the political system. The second axis addressed the importance of symbolic public policy for the political system. Finally, the study produced a set of results. Accordingly, this research will focus on the following points: Axis One: A conceptual introduction to the study variables - Axis Two: The significance of symbolic public policy for the political system
Understanding Culture as a Social Construct
Culture is widely understood as a shared system of meanings, values, and practices, but it is also a social construct shaped through human interaction and interpretation. This paper examines culture as a socially constructed phenomenon, emphasizing how it is created, maintained, and transformed within social contexts. It explores the role of language, institutions, power structures, and socialization in shaping cultural norms and identities. The study highlights that culture is not fixed or universal but varies across time and space, influenced by historical, political, and economic forces. Understanding culture as a social construct allows for a more critical analysis of social behavior, identity formation, and cultural change in contemporary societies. Culture is commonly understood as a shared system of beliefs, values, norms, and practices; however, it is more accurately viewed as a social construct shaped through human interaction and interpretation. This paper examines culture as a socially constructed phenomenon, emphasizing the processes through which cultural meanings are created, maintained, and transformed within society. It explores the role of social interaction, socialization, language, symbolism, and power structures in shaping cultural norms and identities. The study highlights that culture is not fixed or universal but varies across time and context, influenced by historical, political, and economic factors. Furthermore, it discusses how globalization and technological advancements contribute to the emergence of new cultural forms and hybrid identities. By understanding culture as a social construct, the paper provides a deeper insight into identity formation, social relationships, and cultural change, emphasizing the dynamic and evolving nature of culture in contemporary societies.
Reception and Rewriting: Dostoevsky as a Formal and Philosophical Resource in French and Algerian Literature
This article examines the reception and transformation of Fyodor Dostoevsky's work in the French and Algerian literary fields, focusing on how his novels have served as both formal and philosophical resources across different historical contexts. Moving beyond a simple model of literary influence, the study adopts a comparatist perspective to analyse how Dostoevsky's ideas and narrative techniques were reinterpreted and redeployed by major twentieth-century writers. In France, André Gide engages with Dostoevskian psychological fragmentation and narrative multiplicity to rethink the structure of the modern novel. At the same time, Albert Camus reads Dostoevsky through the philosophical crises of nihilism and revolt that shaped the twentieth century. In Algeria, Kateb Yacine mobilises polyphonic narrative structures, partly mediated by Faulkner and later theorised by Bakhtin, to articulate the fragmented consciousness of a colonised society and to challenge the formal conventions of the French realist novel. Through these three case studies, the article demonstrates that the reception of Dostoevsky is not merely a matter of textual transmission but an act of creative reinterpretation shaped by cultural, philosophical, and political contexts. Ultimately, the study highlights how Dostoevsky’s work participates in a transnational literary dialogue linking Russia, France, and Algeria and how this dialogue reveals the capacity of great literary works to generate divergent yet productive reinterpretations across time and space.
Renewable Energies as a strategic option for achieving development and environmental sustainability in Algeria
The importance of the study is highlighted by the growing interest in the renewable energy sector because it represents one of the most important main sources of global energy outside traditional energy, in addition to being clean and non-polluting energy to the environment, and this is what increases its value and gives it great importance. This is why Algeria - over the past decades - has paid great attention to the renewable energy sector due to the position it occupies in economic and social development. It also strives to devote the principle of environmental preservation and sustainable development to advance its economy in the future, by opening Promising prospects for investment in this field, and it has been able to achieve significant achievements in establishing and developing the structure of this sector through many incentive programmes, plans and laws.
The Legal Principles Governing the African Continental Free Trade Area and Their Role in Achieving African Economic Integration
The article examines the legal principles governing the African Continental Free Trade Area and their role in achieving African economic integration. It explains that the AfCFTA seeks to liberalize intra-African trade, remove tariff and non-tariff barriers, and create a unified continental market. The article highlights key principles such as trade liberalization, non-discrimination, preferential treatment for least developed countries, sustainable development, transparency, legislative harmonization, respect for national sovereignty, and dispute settlement. It argues that these principles are essential for creating legal certainty, attracting investment, strengthening cooperation among African states, and supporting sustainable development. However, the article also points out several challenges, including economic disparities, weak institutional capacities, conflicting national laws, protectionist policies, and limited enforcement mechanisms. It concludes that the success of the AfCFTA depends not only on the existence of legal principles, but also on their effective implementation through strong institutions, political will, legal reform, and cooperation among member states.
Organizational Justice and its Relationship with Citizenship Behavior among Employees of Sports Institutions in M'sila, Algeria
The study generally aimed to understand the correlational relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior among a sample of employees from sports institutions. The researcher used the descriptive correlational method, and the questionnaire as a tool for data and information collection. The study sample was selected using the comprehensive survey method, with a total of 49 male and female employees from the Directorate of Youth and Sports and the Youth and Sports Complex in M'sila. The researcher concluded that there is no relationship between distributive justice and citizenship behavior, and there is a moderate positive relationship between both procedural and interactional justice, and organizational citizenship behavior among employees of sports institutions in M'sila, Algeria.
The Role of Acupressure in Reducing Labor Pain and Duration of Childbirth
Labor pain is one of the most intense forms of acute pain experienced by women during childbirth. While pharmacological methods such as epidural analgesia and opioid administration are widely used for pain relief, they may be associated with side effects including hypotension, prolonged labor, restricted mobility, and potential neonatal complications. Growing interest in non-pharmacological and supportive childbirth practices has led to increased exploration of complementary techniques such as acupressure. Acupressure, derived from traditional East Asian medicine, involves applying manual pressure to specific acupoints believed to regulate energy flow and stimulate physiological responses. In obstetric practice, commonly used points include LI4 (Hegu), SP6 (Sanyinjiao), and BL32 (Ciliao), which are associated with pain modulation and uterine activity. This study examines the role of acupressure in reducing labor pain intensity and influencing the duration of childbirth.
Climate Justice under Contemporary Environmental Change: Between the Historical Responsibility of Industrialized States and the Right of Developing Countries to Sustainable Development
Climate change ranks among the most pressing challenges confronting the international community, given its severe repercussions on the environment, the economy, and human rights — particularly in developing countries, which bear the brunt of its consequences despite contributing minimally to greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, the concept of climate justice has emerged as a mechanism for achieving equity among states in shouldering climate responsibilities, by holding industrialized nations historically accountable for environmental degradation while guaranteeing the right of developing countries to sustainable development. This study aims to clarify the concept of climate justice and its legal foundations, to analyses the responsibility of industrialized states for environmental change, to highlight the impact of climate change on development in developing countries, and to examine the effectiveness of international climate agreements. The study concludes that the international legal regime on climate still faces considerable challenges that constrain its effectiveness, chief among them being the weakness of binding international commitments and the persistence of economic disparities between states. Addressing these challenges requires strengthening climate finance, facilitating technology transfer, and enshrining international environmental responsibility in a manner that guarantees the right of developing countries to sustainable development.
From Instrumental Reason to Artificial Intelligence: Rationalization as a Tool for Domination
This research paper attempts to examine instrumental reason and artificial intelligence as tools for controlling humans and nature, so that humans become masters and owners of nature. The features of this control over humans and nature increased with the dawn of the Enlightenment philosophy in Europe, through general values ​​represented by reason as a thought based on rational knowledge, critical questioning as scrutiny and explanation, freedom as maturity without guardianship and independence without dependency, and development as a continuous process of growth and prosperity. However, the values ​​of the Enlightenment, and then modernity, were turned into the opposite, as rationality turned into more tyranny after the discovery of artificial intelligence software. Freedom has been transformed into more restrictions, control, and oppression. Development has become a form of technological rationalization (intelligent technology), manifested in the exploitation of artificial intelligence by media and economic institutions to impose a culture of social control. This is achieved by subjecting individuals to mechanisms of control, surveillance, and repression. Consequently, under the artificial intelligence system- a more advanced form of instrumental rationality-modern humans have been transformed into robots, confined within the framework of pervasive materialism and destructive individualism. Capitalist and economic institutions control their behavior within society and within the institutional framework.
Social Construction – A Study in Concept
The concept of social construction is considered a key concept in the field of sociology, rarely absent from any sociological work. It represents a meeting point between researchers in sociology and those in anthropology, who have produced successive studies on the subject. These studies have served as a tributary to all other social sciences with respect to this concept, thereby increasing its value, particularly at the level of sociological theory, as is made clear by the analytical view of this concept. This research paper seeks to carry out a sociological investigation into the concept of social construction by presenting the most important perspectives and approaches to its definition. It reviews numerous definitions put forward by French, British, German, and American scholars and pioneers, considering them as key stages in the development of the concept, with distinctions from one stage to another. All of this is aimed at identifying the epistemological connotations of a concept that is subject to a range of factors relating to different countries around the world. A set of differences has been identified between definitions of social construction according to the adopted classification, which generally show that social construction is a central concept in socio-anthropological studies.
Graphene-Based Materials for Next-Generation Electronic Devices
Graphene-based materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice, exhibits extraordinary electron mobility, high electrical conductivity, excellent mechanical strength, and superior thermal stability. These unique characteristics make graphene an ideal candidate for the development of next-generation electronic devices. As the demand for faster, smaller, and more energy-efficient electronic technologies continues to grow, graphene-based materials are increasingly being explored as alternatives to conventional semiconductor materials. Recent research has focused on integrating graphene and its derivatives, such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, into various electronic components including transistors, sensors, flexible displays, and high-frequency communication devices. Graphene’s remarkable electrical conductivity and thin atomic structure enable the fabrication of ultra-thin and flexible electronic devices with enhanced performance and reduced energy consumption. In particular, graphene-based field-effect transistors and conductive films have shown promising results for use in high-speed electronics and transparent conductive electrodes.
Digitization of Educational Training: Between Modernization Challenges and Prospects for Pedagogical Reconstruction
This study addresses the digitization of educational training as one of the modern trends imposed by global digital transformations on educational systems. The rapid development of information and communication technology has led to the emergence of new teaching methods based on digital media and electronic platforms, which has contributed to changing the nature of the educational process, making it more open, flexible, and responsive to the needs of learners and the requirements of the era. Despite the advantages offered by digitization, its implementation faces numerous challenges, including weak digital infrastructure and a lack of technological qualification among some educational actors. Accordingly, this research paper seeks to highlight the importance of digitization in modernizing educational training and the objectives of educational training in the context of digitization, while analysing the main difficulties and challenges hindering its success.