Dr. Rochdi Roubache. “The History and Social Reality of the Ghuraba‘ Strangers ’in the Central Maghreb During the Zayyanid Era) 633-962AH 1236-1555 AD(”. ROSSIISKAYA ISTORIYA, no. 1 (May 29, 2026): 393–406. Accessed June 15, 2026. https://rossiiskaya.com/index.php/ri/article/view/184.